Essendo un utilizzatore sia di Linux che di OSX e utilizzando molto la riga di comando, a volte mi sono trovato in difficoltà su Mac per la mancanza di un package manager fino a quando non ho scoperto Homebrew!
Dateci un’occhiata!
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
Homebrew è più intuitivo di MacPorts.
In questo articolo vedremo come installare un software per l’intrusion detection della nostra rete sul nostro Raspberry Pi.
Per prima cosa ci serve un sistema operativo opportuno da installare sul nostro Raspberry PI. Per questo tipo di applicazione ho scelto Kali linux il successore della distro linux BackTrack, famosissima nel campo della sicurezza IT.
Scarichiamo quindi l’immagine per processore ARM dal sito ufficiale:
https://www.kali.org/downloads/
che ci rimanda per il porting su Raspberry PI al sito
https://www.offensive-security.com/kali-linux-vmware-arm-image-download/
In base alla versione di Raspberry PI che avete scaricate la iso opportuna.
Io ho il Raspberry PI versione B e quindi ho scelto la distro Raspberry Pi A/B+
Una volta scaricato occorre copiare l’immagine sull’SD card che volete utilizzare sul Raspberry con i comandi che trovare anche sull’articolo in questo blog relativo al backup e ripristino del vostro Raspberry PI.
Riporto qui i passi fatti sul mio MacBook Air:
Fabios-MacBook-Air:~ shadowsheep$ diskutil list /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *121.3 GB disk0 1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_HFS Macintosh HD 75.0 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Recovery HD 650.0 MB disk0s3 4: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 45.5 GB disk0s4 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *8.1 GB disk1 1: DOS_FAT_32 CHIAVINA 8.1 GB disk1s1 Fabios-MacBook-Air:~ shadowsheep$ diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk1 Unmount of all volumes on disk1 was successful Fabios-MacBook-Air:~ shadowsheep$ cd Downloads/ Fabios-MacBook-Air:Downloads shadowsheep$ xz -d kali-1.1.0-rpi.img.xz Fabios-MacBook-Air:Downloads shadowsheep$ sudo dd bs=1m if=kali-1.1.0-rpi.img of=/dev/disk1 Password: 3000+0 records in 3000+0 records out 3145728000 bytes transferred in 2055.895717 secs (1530101 bytes/sec) Fabios-MacBook-Air:Downloads shadowsheep$
Il comando dd ci metterà un po’ a terminare. Una volta terminato avremo la nostra immagine installata sull’SD.
Una volta installata la nostra distro possiamo inseriamo l’SD card sul Raspberry e accendiamolo.
In questo tutorial io accederò al nostro Raspberry Pi solamente tramite SSH.
Ma prima occorre verificare che la dietro abbia ottenuto un IP valido e inoltre voglio ricreare una signature SSH differente da quella standard.
Per utilizzare il mio nuovo Raspberry Pi con Kali quindi attacchiamo una tastiera USB e un monitor che abbia l’ingresso HDMI.
L’utente root ha password “toor”. Cambiamola subito con “passwd”
root@kali:~# passwd Enter new UNIX password:
Rigeneriamo quindi anche le chiave per l’SSH server
root@kali:~# cd /etc/ssh root@kali:/etc/ssh# mkdir ssh_default_keys root@kali:/etc/ssh# mv ssh_host* ssh_default_keys/ root@kali:/etc/ssh# dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time ... Creating SSH2 DSA key; this may take some time ... Creating SSH2 ECDSA key; this may take some time ... [ ok ] Restarting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd. root@kali:/etc/ssh#
Da adesso possiamo collegarci tramite SSH.
Non avendo installato una versione di linux apposta per il Raspberry ci viene a mancare la comoda utility raspi-config. Andiamo quindi ad aggiungerla manualmente alla nostra installazione di Kali linux.
wget http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian/pool/main/r/raspi-config/raspi-config_20121028_all.deb wget http://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/cdimage/snapshot/Debian/pool/main/l/lua5.1/lua5.1_5.1.5-4_armel.deb wget http://http.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/t/triggerhappy/triggerhappy_0.3.4-2_armel.deb dpkg -i triggerhappy_0.3.4-2_armel.deb dpkg -i lua5.1_5.1.5-4_armel.deb dpkg -i raspi-config_20121028_all.deb
Una volta installato lanciamolo per espandere il nostro filesystem. Infatti l’immagine di Kali linux installata è stata fatta per essere ospitata da una SD da 4GB e quindi se ne abbiamo una più grande (come nel mio caso 8GB) dobbiamo appropriarci dello spazio mancante! 🙂
root@kali:~# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on rootfs 2896624 1570816 1158952 58% / /dev/root 2896624 1570816 1158952 58% / devtmpfs 89804 0 89804 0% /dev tmpfs 18796 488 18308 3% /run tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock tmpfs 37580 0 37580 0% /run/shm
Facciamo il reboot del sistema e dopo averlo fatto ecco apparire tutti i nostri GB!
root@kali:~# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on rootfs 7633328 1573136 5701036 22% / /dev/root 7633328 1573136 5701036 22% / devtmpfs 89804 0 89804 0% /dev tmpfs 18796 496 18300 3% /run tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock tmpfs 37580 0 37580 0% /run/shm
A questo punto installiamo tutti i pacchetti che la distribuzione Kali linux ci mette a disposizione per l’IT security:
root@kali:~# apt-get update && apt-cache search kali-linux Get:1 http://http.kali.org kali Release.gpg [836 B] Get:2 http://security.kali.org kali/updates Release.gpg [836 B] Get:3 http://http.kali.org kali Release [21.1 kB] Get:4 http://security.kali.org kali/updates Release [11.0 kB] Get:5 http://http.kali.org kali/main Sources [7570 kB] Ign http://security.kali.org kali/updates/contrib Translation-en Ign http://http.kali.org kali/contrib Translation-en Ign http://security.kali.org kali/updates/main Translation-en Ign http://security.kali.org kali/updates/non-free Translation-en Ign http://http.kali.org kali/main Translation-en Ign http://http.kali.org kali/non-free Translation-en Get:6 http://security.kali.org kali/updates/main Sources [146 kB] Get:7 http://security.kali.org kali/updates/contrib Sources [20 B] Get:8 http://security.kali.org kali/updates/non-free Sources [20 B] Get:9 http://http.kali.org kali/non-free Sources [118 kB] Get:10 http://security.kali.org kali/updates/main armel Packages [277 kB] Get:11 http://http.kali.org kali/contrib Sources [56.9 kB] Hit http://security.kali.org kali/updates/contrib armel Packages Get:12 http://http.kali.org kali/main armel Packages [8284 kB] Hit http://security.kali.org kali/updates/non-free armel Packages Get:13 http://http.kali.org kali/non-free armel Packages [91.2 kB] Hit http://http.kali.org kali/contrib armel Packages Fetched 16.6 MB in 1min 55s (143 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done kali-linux - Kali Linux base system kali-linux-all - Kali Linux - all packages kali-linux-forensic - Kali Linux forensic tools kali-linux-full - Kali Linux complete system kali-linux-gpu - Kali Linux GPU tools kali-linux-pwtools - Kali Linux password cracking tools kali-linux-rfid - Kali Linux RFID tools kali-linux-sdr - Kali Linux SDR tools kali-linux-top10 - Kali Linux Top 10 tools kali-linux-voip - Kali Linux VoIP tools kali-linux-web - Kali Linux webapp assessment tools kali-linux-wireless - Kali Linux wireless tools root@kali:~# apt-get install kali-linux-full
Andate a fare una bella passeggiata, prendete un buon aperitivo, incontrate degli amici in attesa che il sistema si installi completamente…
E infine installiamo Snort:
root@kali:~# apt-get install snort
Se voltete installare l’ultima versione di Snort a partire dai sorgenti ufficiali sul sito potete seguire le istruzioni sul sito snort.org:
Se la configurazione del daq vi da errore perché manca la libreria libpcap allora dovete installarla:
apt-get install libpcap-dev
Al termine della compilazione e installazione del daq dovreste vedere un report simile a questo.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/usr/local/lib/daq
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
during execution
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
during linking
- use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Se la configurazione di snort vi da errore perché non trova le librerie libpcre e libante allora installatele con il comando:
apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev apt-get install libdumbnet-dev
Al termine invece di snort dovreste vedere un report simile a questo assieme a molte altre cose (tante!)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/usr/local/lib/snort/dynamic_output
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
during execution
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
during linking
- use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
A questo punto avete il vostro Snort installato!
root@kali:~/tmp/snort-2.9.7.2# snort -V
,,_ -*> Snort! <*-
o" )~ Version 2.9.7.2 GRE (Build 177)
'''' By Martin Roesch & The Snort Team: http://www.snort.org/contact#team
Copyright (C) 2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Copyright (C) 1998-2013 Sourcefire, Inc., et al.
Using libpcap version 1.3.0
Using PCRE version: 8.30 2012-02-04
Using ZLIB version: 1.2.7
Questo strumento ha una funzione molto carina che permette di registrare gli scenari!
Ad sempio se vogliamo simulare un acquisto sul nostro sito di e-commerce e poi fare uno stress test su questo percorso utente lo possiamo fare semplicemente con 2 click!
Inoltre una volta eseguita una simulazione Gatling prepara in automatico tutta una serie di report in html5 per analizzare le performance della simulazione stessa.
Cosa significa dichiarare un methodo “virtual”?
Se un metodo virtuale viene invocato è il tipo di classe a run-time che determina quale metodo verrà invocato.
In un metodo non virutale è, al contrario, il tipo di classe a compile-time che determina quale metodo verrà invocato.
Ad esempio se abbiamo una classe padre come la seguente
namespace VirtaulMethodExamples
{
public class Father
{
public virtual string getVirtaulName() {
return "Father.getVirtaulName()";
}
public string getName() {
return "Father.getName()";
}
}
}
e una classe figlia da essa derivata
namespace VirtaulMethodExamples
{
public class Child: Father
{
public override string getVirtaulName()
{
return "Child.getVirtaulName()";
}
public new string getName()
{
return "Child.getName()";
}
}
}
Nel seguente schenario
Child child = new Child(); Father father = child; Console.WriteLine(child.getVirtaulName()); Console.WriteLine(child.getName()); Console.WriteLine(father.getVirtaulName()); Console.WriteLine(father.getName());
verrà scritto a console
Child.getVirtaulName() Child.getName() Child.getVirtaulName() Father.getName()
La penultima riga richiamando un metodo virtual guardal al tipo di classe a run-time (Child) e non al tipo di classe a compile-time (Father) per invocare il metodo.
Contrariamente, l’ultima riga guarda al tipo di classe a compile-time (Father) per invocare il metodo non virtual.
Da notare l’uso della parola chiave “new” nella dichiarazione del metodo getName() nella classe Child per non avere un warning di compilazione in quanto il metodo getName di Child nasconde il metodo getName di Father.
Tables are inspired at tables you can find in:
O’Really, Learning the bash Shell, 3rd Edition By Cameron Newham
The most wanted utilities in unix should surely be the following ones:
|
Utility |
Purpose |
|
cat grep sort cut sed rt awk |
Copy input to output Search for string in the input Sort lines in the input Extract columns from input Perform editing operation on input Translate characters in the input to other characters Full-featured text processing language with a syntax reminiscent of C |
For example the grep command is very useful to fing text inside files like shown below:
grep –Hnr “Fabio Bombardi” .
This command search for the string “Fabio Bombardi” in all files, recursively (-r) , starting from the current directory (.), showing the line number (-n) where this string is located in the found file.
|
Redirector |
Purpose |
|
< > |
Redirect the right side argument as input of the left side argument Redirect the output of the left side argument to the left right side argument |
For example if your cp command is broken you can use the cat command in the following way:
cat < file1 > file2
This behaves like the command
cp file1 file2
|
Redirector |
Purpose |
|
cmd1 | cmd2 |
Redirect the output of the left side command cmd1 to the input of the right side command cmd2 |
For example you can use the command
ls -l | more
to send the list the file in the current directory as the input of the more command.
It’s possible to use the I/O redirection in conjunction with pipelines like in the following example:
cut –d: -f1 < /etc/passwd | sort
this command extract the first field (f1) in the file /etc/passwd, where fields are separated by colons (-d:) and sort that first field showing it on the output.
The above redirectors are the most used. But you may found a plethora of other useful redirectors, above all for a system programmer, like those listed in the table below.
|
Redirector |
Purpose |
|
> file < file >> file >| file n>| file <> file n <> file << label n> file n< file n>> file n>& n<& n>&m n<&m &> file <&- >&- n>&- n<&- |
Direct standard output to file Take standard input from file Direct standard output to file; append to file if it already exists Force standard output to file even if noclobber is set Force output to file from file descriptor n even if noclobber is set Use file as both input and output for file descriptor n Use file as both input and output for file descriptor n Here-document; see text Direct file descriptor n to file Take file descriptor n from file Direct file descriptor n to file; append to file if it already exists Duplicate standard output to file descriptor n Duplicate standard input from file descriptor n File descriptor n is made to be a copy of the output file descriptor m File descriptor n is made to be a copy of the input file descriptor m Directs standard output and standard error to file Close the standard input Close the standard output Close the output from file descriptor n Close the input from file descriptor ni |
For example if you want to redirect both the standard error and the standard output of the ls command to a logfile you could type what follows:
ls > logfile 2>&1
This will redirect the standard error (2) in the same place where the standard output (1) is directed. Since standard output is redirected to logfile hence also the standard error will be redirected there too.
If you want you could get the same result also with the following commnd:
ls &> logfile
|
Character |
Purpose |
|
~ # $ & * ( ) \ | [ ] { } ; ‘ “ < > / ? ! |
Home directory Comment Variable expression Background job String wildcar Start subshell End subshell Quote next character Pipe Start character-set wildcard End Character-set wildcard Smart command block End command block Shell command separator Strong quote Weak quote Input redirect Ouput redirect Pathname directory separator Single-character wildcard Pipeline logical NOT |
When you want to use special character without their special meaning you have to use quoting. If you surround a string of characters with single quotation marks (or quotes), you strip all characters within the quotes of any special meaning they might have.
For example if you want to print in standard output the string “2*3 > 5 is an invalid inequality” you have to type the following command:
echo ‘2 * 3 > 5 is an invalid inequality’
Otherwise you will get a file named 5 containing the list of 2, all the files in the current directory, and the string “3 is an invalid inequality”!
Another way to change the meaning of a character is to precede it with a backslash (\). This is called backslash-escaping the character.
The most useful use of the quoting is along with the command find.
If you want to find all the character with .c extension you have to act like below:
find . -name ‘*.c’
To know your control-key setting you can type
stty all
And you will get something like that:
erase kill werase rprnt flush lnext susp intr quit stop eof
^? ^U ^W ^R ^O ^V ^Z/^Y ^C ^\ ^S/^Q ^D
Or type
stty -a
If your Unix version derives from System III or System V (this include also Linux) to obtain a similar list of control-key.
In order to see the list of the history c-shell command you can type the following command:
fc -l
|
Command |
Purpose |
|
! !! !n !-n !string !?string? ^string1^string2 |
Start a history substitution Refers to the last command Refers to command line n Refers to current command line minus n Refers to the most recent command starting with string Refers to the most recent command containing string. The ending ? is optional. Repeat the last command, replacing string1 with string2 |
Tabella 1 – event designator
For example, if your last command was the whoami command, you are able to retype it only by typing
!!
It’s also passible to refer to certain words in a previous command by the use of a word designator
|
Designator |
Purpose |
|
0 n ^ $ % x-y * x* |
The zeroth (first) word in a line The nth word in a line The first argument (the second word) The last argument in a line The word matched by the most recent ?string search A range of words from x to y. –y is synonymous with 0-y. All words but the zeroth (fist). Synonymous with 1-$. If there is only one word on the line, an empty string is returned. Synonymous with x-$ The words from x to the second last word |
Tabella 2 – word designator
The word designator follows the event designator, separated by a colon. It’s possible, for example, repeat the previous command without arguments by typing
!!:0
Or it’s possible to repeat the previous command with different arguments
!!:0 arg0 arg1 arg2
For example if you type
!!:0 --version
(in this case the same like !! –-version)
Lat’s say that your last typed command is whoami, in this case, typing the above command it’s like you would have typed
whoami --version
Event designator may also be followed by modifiers. The modifiers follow the word designator, if there is one.
|
Modifier |
Purpose |
|
h r e t p q x s/old/new |
Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving the head Removes a trailing suffix of the form .xxx Removes all but the trailing suffix Removes all leading pathname components, leaving the tail Prints the resulting command but doesn’t execute it Quote the substituted word, escaping further substitutions Quote the substituted words, breaking them into words at blanks and newlines Substitutes new for old |
Tabella 3 – modifiers
For example if you have just type the following command
grep -Hnr “Fabio Bombardi” .
And you want to retype the above command but to search for “Elena Bombardi” you could type:
!!:s/Fabio/Elena
And you get the following command:
grep -Hnr “Elena Bombardi” .
If you want to set a different map, let’s say Italian, to your X sever, you could type the following command:
setxkbmap -layout it
Patterns are strings that can contain wildcard characters.
|
Operator |
Meaning |
|
${variable#pattern} ${variable##pattern} ${variable%pattern} ${variable%%pattern} ${variable/pattern/string} ${variable//pattern/string} |
If the pattern matches the beginning of the variable’s value, delete the shortest part that matches and return the rest. If the pattern matches the beginning of the variable’s value, delete the longest part that matches and return the rest. If the pattern matches the end of the variable’s value, delete the shortest part that matches and return the rest. If the pattern matches the end of the variable’s value, delete the longest part that matches and return the rest. The longest match to pattern in variable is replaced by string. In the first from, only the first match is replaced. In the second form, all the matches are replaced. If the pattern begins with a #, it must match at the start of the variable. If it begins with a %, it must match with the end of the variable. If string is null, the matches are deleted. If variable is @ or *, the operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn and the expansion is the result list. |
Tabella 4 – Pattern-Matching Operators
If you want some exaples here you are:
$path /home/shadowsheep/testpatterns/hello.shadowsheep.test
$path##/*/ hello.shadowsheep.test
$path#/*/ shadowsheep/testpatterns/hello.shadowsheep.test
$path%.* /home/shadowsheep/testpatterns/hello.shadowsheep
$path%%.* /home/shadowsheep/testpatterns/hello
If you want to substitute all the occurrence in a string you may want to type:
echo ${PATH//:/’\n’}
/home/usr/bin\n/usr/local/bin\n/bin\n
If you want the echo command to interpret the backslashes character ( like \n) so you may want to type:
echo –e ${PATH//:/’\n’}
/home/usr/bin
/usr/local/bin
/bin
If you want to edit a text file without open a text editor you can use the echo command in the following way:
fbombardi@linux:~/workspace/shell_commands> echo -e "a\n\ a\n\ a\n\ mount -n -t nfs -o nolock,rsize=1024,wsize=1024 172.27.30.179:/home/nfs /NetShared\n\ b\n\ b\n\ end" > test.log
In this way you create a text file named test.log whose content is the following:
a
a
a
mount -n -t nfs -o nolock,rsize=1024,wsize=1024 172.27.30.179:/home/nfs /NetShared
b
b
end
Now if you want to type the command
mount -n -t nfs -o nolock,rsize=1024,wsize=1024 172.27.30.179:/mnt/nfs /NetShared
You can use the following shortcut:
fbombardi@linux:~/workspace/shell_commands> more test.log | grep "mount -n" | sed -e s/home/mnt/
Or even better you can use this shortcut:
fbombardi@linux:~/workspace/shell_commands> grep "mount -n" test.log | sed -e s/home/mnt/
I think that this should be useful when you have a command in a very full written file, otherwise I think that you could be faster in typing the command from scratch =).
Here we are again. This time we’ll go deeper in the world of the I/O redirection. Let’s say we want to get rid of all the boring messages that the command make show us during the compiling and linking time. What we have to do? The answer is simple and is located in the line below:
make > /dev/null 2>&1
In this way all the boring messages will be redirected in the “black-hole” /dev/null.
Let’s see now that we want to decide which kind of messages to display. I’ll give you a gift showing you on of my favorite shell script:
# # My Make # Use this program to customize the make output messages # # @author Fabio Bombardi # @location Datasensor # @version 2.1.0 # @last-updated 2k6.09.24 # if [ -n $2 ] && [ "$2" = "-silent" ]; then break; else echo -e "\n" echo -e \# echo -e \# My Make echo -e \# Use this program to customize the make output messages echo -e \# echo -e \# @author "\t\t" Fabio Bombardi echo -e \# "\t\t\t\t" fbombardi@datasensor.com echo -e \# @location "\t\t" Datasensor echo -e \# @version "\t\t" 2.1.0 echo -e \# @last-updated "\t" 2k6.09.24 echo -e \# echo -e "\n" fi if [ -z $1 ]; then echo -e "usage: mymake <type-of-massage>\n\n\t<type-of-massage>=\n\t\twarning\n\t\terror\n\t\tall\n\t\tclean\n" exit -1 fi case $1 in warning ) make 2>&1 | grep "warning" | cat ;; error ) make 2>&1 | grep "Error" | cat ;; all ) make 2>&1 | grep "*" | cat ;; clean) make clean ;; * ) echo -e "\ndefault selection: warning\n" $0 wanrning esac
In the above shell script the line in bold shows us only the messages containing the word “warning” and hiding all the other messages.
Let’s say now that we want not only to choose between the make output messages but also to give different colors to this messages (e.g. yellow for warnings and red for error).
In this case we may want to make the following changes in the case statement:
case $1 in warning ) GREP_COLOR="1;33" make 2>&1 | grep --color=always "warning" | cat ;; error ) GREP_COLOR="0;31" make 2>&1 | grep --color=always "Error" | cat ;; all ) make 2>&1 | grep "*" | cat ;; clean) make clean ;; * ) echo -e "\ndefault selection: warning\n" $0 warning ;; esac
The grep command has the option flag –color that along with the variable GREP_COLOR highlights the pattern word with the color set in the variable GREP_COLOR.
With the above changes we should get something like that:
img_processing.cpp:148: warning: right-hand operand of comma has no effect
img_processing.cpp:367: warning: converting to `unsigned char’ from `float’
img_processing.cpp:477: warning: converting to `int’ from `float’
img_processing.cpp:478: warning: converting to `int’ from `float’
We could choose, of course, among a plethora of color:
Dark gray: 1;30
Blue: 0;34
Light Blue: 1;34
Green: 0;32
Light green: 1;32
Cyan: 0;36
Light cyan: 1;36
Red: 0;31
Light red: 1;31
Purple: 0;35
Light purple: 1;35
Brown: 0;33
Yellow: 1;33
Light gray: 0;37
White: 1;37
Let’s say now that we want not only to highlight the keywords (warning, error) but the entire lines!
What follows is what we could do to be successful:
case $1 in warning ) echo -e "\033[1;33m" make 2>&1 | grep "warning" | cat echo -e "\033[1;37m" ;; error ) echo -e "\033[1;31m" make 2>&1 | grep --color=always "Error" | cat echo -e "\033[1;37m" ;; all ) make 2>&1 | grep "*" | cat ;; clean) echo -e "\033[1;32m" make clean echo -e "\033[1;37m\n" ;; * ) echo -e "\033[1;35m" echo -e "\ndefault selection: warning\n" echo -e "\033[1;37m\n" $0 warning ;; esac
And we’ll get the following output:
img_processing.cpp:148: warning: right-hand operand of comma has no effect
img_processing.cpp:367: warning: converting to `unsigned char’ from `float’
img_processing.cpp:477: warning: converting to `int’ from `float’
img_processing.cpp:478: warning: converting to `int’ from `float’
Per controllare se un processo è in esecuzione su linux ed eventualmente farlo ripartire se non lo è, si può utilizzare questo semplice script:
#!/bin/bash
#check_process_and_restart_it.sh
#make sure your-process is running
export DISPLAY=:0 #needed if you are running a simple gui app.
process=your-process
makerun="/usr/bin/python /usr/bin/your-process"
if ps ax | grep -v grep | grep $process > /dev/null
then
exit
else
$makerun &
echo "Date: " $(date) >> /root/scripts/your-process.log
fi
exit
Se avete da poco comprato un PC con la scheda bluetooth integrata e avete con piacere fatto il pair dei vostri dispositivi di input ma… dopo un po’ mouse e tastiera cliccano tasti a caso oppure non rispondono… ecco cosa dovete disabilitare:
Gestione Dispositivi / Bluetooth / Bluetooth Adapter / Togli la spunta da “Consenti al computer di spegnere il dispositivo per risparmiare energia”.
In questo modo avrete molti malditesta in meno e sarete più soddisfatti del vostro acquisto! 😀
<!-- This section contains the log4net configuration settings -->
<log4net>
<!-- File Appender -->
<appender name="LogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.FileAppender">
<file value="log-file.txt" />
<sppendToFile value="true" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<header value="[Header]
" />
<footer value="[Footer]
" />
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger (%property{log4net:HostName}) [%ndc] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- Rolling File! :) -->
<appender name="RollingFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
<file value="example.log" />
<appendToFile value="true" />
<maximumFileSize value="100KB" />
<maxSizeRollBackups value="2" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%level %thread %logger - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- Console Appender -->
<!-- appender name="ConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender" >
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%ndc] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender -->
<!-- EventID Appender -->
<!--
Also note that if your program is called app.exe, then you need an eventlog source called app.exe.
If this does not exist, then Log4net will attempt to create it, but that requires Admin rights,
so you may need to run your program as admin at least once in order to create this event source.
To avoid this, the event source would normally be created as part of the installation procedure which
would already be running as admin.
-->
<appender name="EventLogAppender" type="log4net.Appender.EventLogAppender">
<!--applicationName value="log4net_lab" /-->
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" />
</layout>
</appender>
<!-- Database Appender -->
<!-- Example of how to configure the AdoNetAppender to connect to MS SQL Server -->
<appender name="ADONetAppender_SqlServer" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender">
<bufferSize value="1" />
<connectionType value="System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection, System.Data, Version=1.0.3300.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
<connectionString value="data source=your_host catalog=your_database;integrated security=false;persist security info=True;User ID=your_user;Password=your_password" />
<commandText value="INSERT INTO Log ([Date],[Thread],[Level],[Logger],[Message]) VALUES (@log_date, @thread, @log_level, @logger, @message)" />
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@log_date" />
<dbType value="DateTime" />
<!--
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%date{yyyy'-'MM'-'dd HH':'mm':'ss'.'fff}" />
</layout>
-->
<layout type="log4net.Layout.RawTimeStampLayout" />
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@thread" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%thread" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@log_level" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="50" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%level" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@logger" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="255" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%logger" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@message" />
<dbType value="String" />
<size value="4000" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%message" />
</layout>
</parameter>
</appender>
<!-- SQLite Appender -->
<appender name="AdoNetAppender_SQLite" type="log4net.Appender.AdoNetAppender">
<bufferSize value="100" />
<connectionType value="System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteConnection, System.Data.SQLite, Version=1.0.96.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=db937bc2d44ff139" />
<connectionString value="Data Source=log4net.db3;Version=3;" />
<commandText value="INSERT INTO Log (Date, Level, Logger, Message) VALUES (@Date, @Level, @Logger, @Message)" />
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@Date" />
<dbType value="DateTime" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.RawTimeStampLayout" />
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@Level" />
<dbType value="String" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%level" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@Logger" />
<dbType value="String" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%logger" />
</layout>
</parameter>
<parameter>
<parameterName value="@Message" />
<dbType value="String" />
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
<conversionPattern value="%message" />
</layout>
</parameter>
</appender>
<!-- Assign Appenders -->
<root>
<level value="DEBUG" />
<!--level value="All"/-->
<appender-ref ref="LogFileAppender" />
<appender-ref ref="RollingFileAppender" />
<!--appender-ref ref="ConsoleAppender"/-->
<appender-ref ref="EventLogAppender" />
<!--appender-ref ref="ADONetAppender_SqlServer"/-->
<appender-ref ref="AdoNetAppender_SQLite" />
</root>
<!-- Print only messages of level WARN or above in the package Com.Foo -->
<logger name="Com.Foo">
<level value="WARN" />
</logger>
</log4net>
CATALOGO
Supporto multi-store
Supporto multi-vendor
Supporto dispositivi mobili
Supporta categorie e produttori
Le categorie possono anche essere pienamente annidate a qualsiasi livello desiderato (sotto-categorie)
I prodotti possono essere mappati più di una categoria o produttore
Pagina di Checkout singola
Acquisto senza registrazione possibile
Carte regalo
Bundle e prodotti raggruppati
Prodotti ricorrenti
supporto multilingue
supporto multivaluta
Misura pesi, le dimensioni di misura
Tassi di cambio in Real-time (BCE)
supporto SSL
Esporta in XML
Access Control List
Registro attivita’
Integrazione Live Chat
Integrazione Facebook
Notifiche via SMS
Design 100% personalizzabile utilizzando i modelli
Supporto di ordine telefonico
RMA (gestione dei rimpatri)
Lista configurabile di paesi autorizzati sia per la fatturazione che per il trasporto
PRODOTTI
Attributi di prodotto (ad esempio il colore , formato)
tag dei Prodotti
Attributi Cassa configurabili (come « Wrap regalo» o « Invio messaggio personalizzato » )
Attributi configurabile dal cliente (ad esempio, «Data di nascita » , « numero di telefono » )
Prezzi individuali (possono essere specificati per i singoli gruppi di clienti)
Consentire ai clienti di inserire il prezzo del prodotto ( se abilitato )
Consente al proprietario del negozio per nascondere i prezzi per i clienti non registrati
Supporta più immagini per prodotto
Auto image resizing
Prodotti scaricabili supportati
Opzioni testo sui prodotti (ad esempio, richiedono iniziali per i prodotti monogramma , richiedono nome del testo per la personalizzazione del prodotto , ecc)
Supporto per prodotti semplici ( ad esempio un libro) o prodotti con varianti
Supporto per prezzi di vendita
ricerca prodotti
Prodotti in evidenza , vendita prodotti o nuovi prodotti
Monitoraggio delle scorte
Disabilitare buy pulsanti per prodotti specifici
Specifiche del prodotto ( ad esempio, processore , memoria, scheda grafica )
Confronta caratteristiche del prodotto (se abilitato )
MARKETING E PROMOZIONI
Punti Premio di sistema
Possibilità di assegnare un template alla categoria, al produttore o al prodotto ( design unico per ogni categoria / produttore / prodotto )
Supporta prodotti correlati
Marketing manager ( campagne )
Gruppi di clienti possono essere contrassegnati come trasporto gratuito
Gruppi di clienti possono essere contrassegnati come esenti da imposta
Supporta sconti
Supporta coupon
Importo dello sconto può essere un valore fisso o una percentuale. ad esempio € 10,00 di sconto o il 20 % di sconto
È possibile specificare una data di inizio e una data di fine, quando il coupon è valido
I clienti possono recensire i prodotti (se abilitato )
Richiedere l’approvazione dell’amministratore di recensioni di prodotti per tutte le recensioni
Sconti applicabili ai prodotti
Sconti applicabili a categorie
Sconti applicabile ad un ordine intero
Gli sconti possono essere filtrati da un ruolo cliente (es rivenditore)
Sconti per volume (prezzi Tier )
Aggiunti di recente pagina dei prodotti . RSS .
Pagina dei prodotti visti di recente
Opzione di spedizione gratuita
Search Engine Friendly URL
URL automatizzata Re-Writing
Ogni pagina del prodotto , la categoria e produttore può avere i propri motori di ricerca personalizzati meta tag, titolo della pagina
Personalizzare predefinite SEO meta tag
News supportate. RSS News. commenti e Notizie
Sondaggi supportati.
Blog supportato.
Forum supportato
Supporta i programmi di affiliazione
Froogle (base google ) , PriceGrabber / Yahoo Shopping , become.com feed di prodotto
Google mappa del sito XML
Modelli di posta elettronica personalizzabili
Completamente personalizzare il layout e l’aspetto di qualsiasi categoria, produttore, o la pagina del prodotto
CMS con pagine statiche
Breadcrumb trail per una facile navigazione del sito
integrazione QuickBooks
integrazione di Google AdSense
SPEDIZIONI
Integrato per le tariffe di spedizione in tempo reale da: UPS, USPS
Calcola il trasporto da totale dell’ordine
Calcola il trasporto dal peso di ordine
Calcola il trasporto per paese e peso totale dell’ordine
Permette di impostare gli ordini con trasporto gratuito
Impastazioni di trasporto definite dall’amministratore (ad esempio pacco postale, corriere espresso etc)
Specificare tutti gli ordini come trasporto libero
Supporto per scaricare prodotti
Supporto per “nessun trasporto necessario” su alcuni prodotti (ad esempio per i servizi)
Alcuni gruppi di clienti possono essere contrassegnati come trasporto gratuito
1. Git Init
Fare la init nella cartella di progetto per avere il repository locare
NOTA: Inserire subito l’ignore file in modo da non committare tutti i file compilati!
Esempio: .gitignore
bin
Bin
obj
*.suo
*.pdb
Thumbs.db
2. Commit => Master
Fare la commit dei file nel master locale
3. Bare repo
Creare un repository “bare” in remoto o in locale su un disco esterno (per esempio)
In locale di solito le cartelle “bare” hanno come suffisso il .git
Fare la push dal master locale al repository “bare”
4. Start Coding, Committing and Pushing 😀